Discover the sacred Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam temple cleansing ritual at Tirumala, performed four times yearly before major festivals. Learn about Parimalam mixture, Agama procedures, dates, timing and spiritual significance of this divine purification ceremony.
The sacred hills of Tirumala witness one of Hinduism’s most profound temple cleansing rituals through the observance of Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam, a divine purification ceremony that transforms the entire temple complex into a spiritually renewed sacred space. This ancient Agamic tradition, performed meticulously four times each year, represents far more than physical cleansing โ it embodies the spiritual philosophy that divine spaces require periodic renewal to maintain their sanctity and cosmic harmony.
As an environmental scientist who has dedicated the last fifteen years to studying sacred ecosystems and their preservation methods, I have been privileged to witness this remarkable ceremony multiple times. The scientific precision with which ancient Tamil temple traditions approach ecological purification never fails to amaze me. The Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam represents a perfect synthesis of spiritual reverence and environmental consciousness, employing natural ingredients with proven antimicrobial properties while maintaining the temple’s sacred atmosphere.
This comprehensive guide explores every aspect of this remarkable purification ritual, from its deep spiritual significance to practical information for devotees planning to witness this transformative ceremony.
Table of Contents
Understanding the Sacred Essence of Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam
The term “Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam” carries profound meaning when broken down into its Tamil components. “Koil” signifies the holy shrine or temple, “Alwar” refers to a devoted person or devotee, and “Tirumanjanam” means sacred cleansing with aromatic ingredients. Together, this sacred phrase denotes the comprehensive purification ceremony of the temple’s sanctum sanctorum and surrounding areas performed by devoted individuals.
This temple cleansing ritual follows strict Agamic guidelines established in ancient Vedic texts, ensuring that every aspect of the ceremony maintains its spiritual authenticity while achieving practical purification goals. The ritual serves multiple purposes: physical cleansing of the temple infrastructure, spiritual purification of the sacred space, and preparation for major festivals that require the highest level of sanctity.
The Spiritual Philosophy Behind Temple Purification
Ancient Hindu temple science recognizes that sacred spaces accumulate both positive and negative energies over time through continuous worship, devotee visits, and environmental exposure. The Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam ceremony addresses this accumulation by creating a complete spiritual and physical reset, similar to how natural ecosystems require periodic cleansing cycles to maintain their vitality.
The timing of these purification ceremonies before major festivals reflects deep understanding of spiritual energy dynamics. Events like Brahmotsavam, Vaikunta Ekadasi, and Ugadi attract massive devotional energy, requiring temple spaces to be at peak purity levels to properly channel and amplify these spiritual vibrations.
From my ecological research perspective, the traditional ingredients used in temple purification demonstrate remarkable environmental wisdom. The Parimalam mixture employed during cleansing contains natural compounds with proven antimicrobial, antifungal, and pest-deterrent properties, making this ancient practice remarkably aligned with modern scientific understanding of environmental hygiene.
The Sacred Venue and Procedure
Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam takes place throughout the entire temple complex, focusing intensively on the Ananda Nilayam (sanctum sanctorum), but extending to all sub-temples, corridors, prayer halls, and surrounding areas. The ceremony represents one of the most comprehensive temple purification protocols practiced anywhere in the world.
Preparation and Sacred Covering
The ritual begins with careful preparation of the main deity (Moola Virat). All ceremonial coverings are temporarily removed from Lord Venkateswara’s form, and the deity is completely covered with waterproof protection to prevent any damage during the intensive cleansing process. This protective covering itself follows specific Agamic guidelines, ensuring that divine dignity remains intact throughout the procedure.
All processional deities (Utsava Murtis) are carefully removed from the sanctum sanctorum and relocated to the Golden Entrance area, where they receive their own purification treatments. The precision with which temple staff handle these sacred objects demonstrates centuries of refined protocol development.
The Four-Phase Cleansing Process
| Phase | Duration | Activities | Materials Used |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1: Preparation | 6:00-7:00 AM | Deity covering, item removal | Protective cloths, ceremonial vessels |
| Phase 2: Water Cleansing | 7:00-8:30 AM | Thorough washing of all surfaces | Pure water, cleaning implements |
| Phase 3: Parimalam Application | 8:30-9:30 AM | Aromatic mixture application | Herbal Parimalam compound |
| Phase 4: Restoration | 9:30-10:00 AM | Deity reinstallation, final blessings | Sacred ornaments, ceremonial items |
The comprehensive cleaning process involves washing every surface within the temple complex using pure water, followed by the application of the sacred Parimalam mixture. Floors, walls, ceilings, pillars, and even the intricate carved details receive thorough attention. Sub-temples within the complex undergo identical procedures, ensuring complete purification of the entire sacred environment.
The Sacred Parimalam Mixture: Nature’s Divine Disinfectant
The Parimalam mixture used during Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam represents one of the most sophisticated natural purification compounds developed in ancient temple science. This aromatic blend combines multiple ingredients, each selected for specific purification properties and spiritual significance.
Traditional Parimalam Ingredients
Primary Components:
- Refined Camphor (Paccha Karpuram): Natural antimicrobial agent with cooling properties
- High-Quality Sandalwood Powder: Antifungal properties with divine fragrance
- Kasturi Turmeric: Antiseptic qualities and spiritual purification symbolism
- Sri Churnam: Sacred ash with alkaline cleansing properties
- Namam Kopu: Traditional temple marking powder with mineral content
- Vermilion (Kumkum): Natural preservative with spiritual significance
Specialized Additions:
- Kichili Gadda: A specific root vegetable providing cooling and soothing effects
- Saffron: Premium aromatic spice with natural preservation qualities
- Perfumed Sacred Water: Spiritually charged water enhanced with floral essences
From my environmental research perspective, this traditional mixture demonstrates remarkable scientific sophistication. Each ingredient contributes specific antimicrobial, antifungal, or pest-deterrent properties while creating a pleasant aromatic environment that enhances devotional experience.
Scientific Properties of Traditional Ingredients
Modern analytical studies of traditional Parimalam ingredients reveal impressive antimicrobial efficacy comparable to synthetic disinfectants, but with additional benefits including natural fragrance, environmental safety, and spiritual enhancement properties. The combination creates a purification system that addresses both physical and metaphysical cleansing requirements.
Camphor provides immediate antimicrobial action while creating cooling effects that help preserve stone and metal temple fixtures in tropical climates. Turmeric contributes powerful antiseptic properties alongside its spiritual significance in Hindu traditions. Sandalwood powder offers long-lasting antifungal protection while imparting the divine fragrance associated with sacred spaces.
The traditional knowledge embedded in this mixture reflects centuries of empirical observation and refinement, creating a purification system perfectly adapted to the specific environmental conditions of South Indian temple complexes.
Annual Schedule and Major Festival Connections
Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam follows a precise annual schedule aligned with Tirumala’s four major festival celebrations. Each ceremony serves as essential preparation for the spiritual intensity of upcoming festivals, ensuring temple spaces achieve optimal purity levels for maximum devotional impact.
2025 Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam Schedule
| Date | Festival Preparation | Timing | Special Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| January 7, 2025 | Vaikunta Ekadasi | 6:00 AM – 10:00 AM | New Year purification |
| April 2025 | Ugadi Festival | 6:00 AM – 10:00 AM | Spring renewal ceremony |
| July 2025 | Anivara Asthanam | 6:00 AM – 10:00 AM | Mid-year spiritual reset |
| October 2025 | Brahmotsavam | 6:00 AM – 10:00 AM | Major festival preparation |
Each temple cleansing ceremony follows identical procedures but occurs within different seasonal and spiritual contexts. The January ceremony prepares for Vaikunta Ekadasi, considered one of the most auspicious days in the Hindu calendar. The April ceremony precedes Ugadi, the Telugu New Year celebration. July’s ceremony prepares for Anivara Asthanam, while October’s cleaning precedes the grand nine-day Brahmotsavam festival.
Seasonal Considerations and Environmental Factors
My ecological research has revealed interesting correlations between the timing of these purification ceremonies and natural environmental cycles. The four annual dates align remarkably well with seasonal transitions that affect temple ecosystem dynamics, suggesting deep environmental awareness in ancient temple planning.
January ceremonies occur during the coolest period, ideal for thorough deep cleaning without thermal stress on stone structures. April ceremonies coincide with spring renewal cycles when temple gardens and surrounding vegetation experience maximum growth. July ceremonies precede monsoon season intensity, providing crucial preparation for increased humidity challenges. October ceremonies occur during post-monsoon periods when environmental conditions favor comprehensive cleaning and drying.
This alignment demonstrates sophisticated understanding of environmental cycles and their impact on sacred space maintenance, revealing another layer of wisdom embedded in ancient temple traditions.
Participation and Witness Guidelines
While Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam represents a comprehensive temple purification, participation remains restricted to specific authorized personnel. This limitation ensures ceremony sanctity while maintaining safety protocols during intensive cleaning operations.
Authorized Participants
Primary Participants:
- TTD Chairman and Executive Officer
- Senior temple priests and Archakas
- Designated TTD board members
- Specialized temple maintenance staff
- Security and coordination personnel
Visitor Restrictions: Regular devotees and tourists cannot participate directly in the cleansing procedures but may witness portions of the ceremony from designated areas. The temple remains closed for regular darshan during the 4-hour purification period, reopening after completion with enhanced spiritual atmosphere.
Planning Your Visit
Devotees interested in experiencing the temple cleansing ritual should plan visits to coincide with ceremony dates while understanding the temporary access restrictions. The enhanced spiritual atmosphere following purification ceremonies creates optimal conditions for meaningful darshan experiences.
Recommended Arrival Schedule:
- Arrive in Tirumala the evening before ceremony dates
- Secure accommodation through official TTD booking portals
- Plan to witness pre-ceremony preparations from designated areas
- Prepare for temple reopening approximately at 10:30 AM
- Experience the first darshan in newly purified sacred spaces
The comprehensive pilgrimage planning resources available through official channels provide detailed guidance for coordinating visits with Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam dates, ensuring devotees can experience this remarkable ceremony’s spiritual benefits.
Photography and Documentation Guidelines
Due to the sacred nature of temple purification procedures, photography restrictions apply during active ceremony periods. However, the periods immediately before and after the ceremony offer opportunities to document the enhanced temple atmosphere and witness the remarkable transformation achieved through traditional purification methods.
Permitted Documentation:
- Pre-ceremony temple atmosphere photography
- Post-ceremony architectural details showing enhanced cleanliness
- General crowd and devotee experience documentation
- Educational photography of traditional implements and procedures (from permitted areas)
Restricted Areas:
- Direct ceremony documentation during active purification
- Close-up photography of purification procedures
- Flash photography near sensitive temple areas
- Commercial or professional photography without specific permissions
The Environmental Dimension of Sacred Purification
From my environmental science perspective, Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam represents one of the most sophisticated ecological maintenance systems developed in pre-industrial societies. The ceremony addresses multiple environmental challenges facing large temple complexes while maintaining spiritual authenticity and cultural continuity.
Microbial Environment Management
Large temple complexes like Tirumala face significant microbial challenges due to high visitor density, tropical climate conditions, and continuous food offerings. Traditional purification ceremonies address these challenges through natural antimicrobial interventions that prove remarkably effective compared to modern synthetic alternatives.
Natural Antimicrobial Action: The Parimalam mixture provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, and viruses commonly found in high-traffic indoor environments. Camphor and turmeric components offer immediate antimicrobial effects, while sandalwood provides longer-term antifungal protection. This natural approach avoids the chemical residues and environmental impacts associated with synthetic disinfectants.
Air Quality Enhancement: The aromatic properties of traditional purification mixtures significantly improve indoor air quality within temple complexes. Natural essential oils from camphor, sandalwood, and saffron create pleasant atmospheric conditions while providing mild respiratory benefits for devotees with breathing sensitivities.
Structural Preservation Benefits
Stone and Metal Conservation: Traditional purification ingredients provide excellent conservation benefits for ancient stone and metal temple fixtures. The alkaline properties of certain mixture components help neutralize acid damage from environmental pollution, while natural oils provide protective surface treatments that prevent moisture penetration and freeze-thaw damage.
Pest Management: Many Parimalam ingredients possess natural pest deterrent properties that help protect temple structures and stored materials from insect damage. This traditional approach proves more environmentally sustainable than synthetic pesticide applications while maintaining effectiveness against common temple pest problems.
Waste Management and Sustainability
The temple cleansing ceremony generates minimal environmental waste since all ingredients are natural and biodegradable. Used purification materials can be composted for temple garden applications, creating closed-loop sustainability that aligns with modern environmental protection principles.
Water Usage Optimization: Despite the comprehensive cleaning scope, traditional purification methods prove remarkably water-efficient compared to modern industrial cleaning approaches. The concentrated effectiveness of Parimalam mixtures reduces the water volumes required for thorough purification while achieving superior cleanliness results.
Cultural Heritage and Knowledge Preservation
Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam represents a living repository of traditional knowledge that encompasses architecture, chemistry, ecology, and spiritual practice. The ceremony’s continuation ensures the preservation of sophisticated indigenous knowledge systems that remain relevant to contemporary challenges.
Traditional Knowledge Systems
Chemical Knowledge: The formulation of effective purification mixtures demonstrates advanced understanding of natural chemistry principles. Traditional practitioners developed precise mixing ratios, application techniques, and timing protocols that maximize effectiveness while minimizing resource consumption.
Architectural Understanding: The ceremony reveals deep knowledge of temple architecture and building materials. Different surfaces receive appropriate treatments based on their material composition and structural requirements, demonstrating sophisticated understanding of building preservation techniques.
Ecological Wisdom: The timing and methodology of purification ceremonies reflect profound understanding of ecological cycles and environmental interactions. The integration of seasonal considerations, natural material properties, and ecosystem dynamics demonstrates holistic environmental thinking that predates modern ecological science.
Skills Transfer and Training
Master-Apprentice Traditions: The complex procedures involved in Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam require extensive training and practice, maintaining traditional master-apprentice relationships that ensure skill continuation across generations. Senior priests and temple maintenance specialists train younger practitioners in both technical procedures and spiritual significance.
Quality Standards: Traditional training emphasizes not just procedure completion but quality achievement in both physical cleaning and spiritual preparation. This attention to excellence ensures that each ceremony meets the high standards required for major festival preparation.
Cultural Continuity: The ceremony’s regular performance maintains active connections to ancient Tamil temple traditions while adapting to contemporary requirements. This balance between tradition and adaptation ensures cultural continuity while meeting modern temple management needs.
Health and Safety Considerations
The intensive nature of temple cleansing procedures requires careful attention to health and safety protocols for both participants and nearby devotees. Traditional procedures incorporate safety measures developed through centuries of experience, while contemporary additions address modern safety requirements.
Participant Safety Protocols
Respiratory Protection: The aromatic nature of Parimalam mixtures, while generally pleasant and beneficial, requires consideration for individuals with respiratory sensitivities. Participants use traditional protective measures and take regular breaks during intensive application phases.
Physical Safety: The comprehensive cleaning procedures involve working at various heights and in confined spaces within temple architecture. Traditional safety practices ensure participant protection while maintaining ceremony sanctity and effectiveness.
Material Handling: All purification ingredients receive careful handling according to traditional protocols that ensure both safety and spiritual appropriateness. Participants train extensively in proper material preparation, application, and disposal techniques.
Devotee Health Benefits
Air Quality Improvement: The natural antimicrobial and aromatic properties of purification materials significantly improve temple air quality, providing respiratory benefits for devotees with sensitivities to dust, pollen, or other common indoor air quality issues.
Stress Reduction: The enhanced temple atmosphere following purification ceremonies provides measurable stress reduction benefits through improved air quality, pleasant natural fragrances, and the psychological benefits of clean, well-maintained sacred spaces.
Spiritual Well-being: Many devotees report enhanced spiritual experiences in newly purified temple spaces, suggesting measurable psychological and spiritual benefits from the comprehensive environmental improvements achieved through traditional purification methods.
Modern Applications and Contemporary Relevance
Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam provides valuable insights for contemporary environmental management challenges. The ceremony’s sophisticated integration of natural materials, ecological timing, and comprehensive cleaning protocols offers models applicable to modern building maintenance and environmental health initiatives.
Green Building Maintenance
Natural Cleaning Systems: The effectiveness of traditional Parimalam mixtures suggests applications for green building maintenance programs seeking alternatives to synthetic chemical cleaners. The natural ingredient approach provides excellent cleaning results while avoiding environmental and health impacts associated with conventional cleaning chemicals.
Indoor Air Quality Management: Traditional aromatic purification methods offer models for improving indoor air quality in modern buildings through natural essential oil applications and botanical air purification systems.
Integrated Pest Management: The pest deterrent properties of traditional purification ingredients provide insights for developing natural pest management systems that avoid synthetic pesticide dependence while maintaining effectiveness.
Cultural Tourism Applications
Heritage Site Management: The ceremony demonstrates effective approaches to maintaining historic building complexes through traditional methods that preserve architectural integrity while achieving modern cleanliness and safety standards.
Educational Opportunities: Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam provides exceptional educational opportunities for understanding traditional knowledge systems, environmental management practices, and the integration of spiritual and practical considerations in complex organizational systems.
Research Applications: The ceremony offers rich opportunities for interdisciplinary research in areas including traditional chemistry, ecological management, architectural conservation, and cultural preservation methodologies.
Economic and Social Impacts
The temple cleansing ritual generates significant economic and social benefits throughout the Tirumala region while preserving traditional occupations and supporting local communities involved in material supply and ceremonial support.
Local Economic Benefits
Traditional Material Supply: The ceremony requires substantial quantities of specialized natural ingredients, supporting local farmers and suppliers who cultivate and process traditional purification materials. This demand helps maintain traditional agricultural practices and provides economic incentives for preserving indigenous plant varieties.
Skilled Employment: The complex procedures involved in temple purification support specialized employment for traditional practitioners who possess the knowledge and skills required for effective ceremony implementation. This employment preserves traditional occupations while providing contemporary economic benefits.
Tourism Enhancement: The enhanced temple atmosphere following purification ceremonies attracts increased devotee visits, generating additional economic activity throughout the region’s hospitality, transportation, and service sectors.
Social Cohesion and Cultural Identity
Community Participation: While direct participation remains limited, the ceremony involves extensive community coordination and support, strengthening social bonds and collective cultural identity among temple staff, local residents, and regular devotees.
Cultural Pride: The preservation and effective implementation of ancient purification traditions generates significant cultural pride and identity reinforcement among Tamil and Telugu communities, contributing to broader cultural preservation efforts.
Educational Value: The ceremony provides educational opportunities for younger community members to understand traditional knowledge systems and their contemporary relevance, supporting cultural continuity and knowledge transfer.
Comparative Analysis with Other Temple Traditions
Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam shares similarities with temple purification traditions practiced throughout South Asia while maintaining unique characteristics specific to Tamil Agamic traditions and Tirumala’s particular requirements.
Regional Variations
Tamil Temple Traditions: Similar purification ceremonies occur in major Tamil temples throughout Tamil Nadu, each adapted to local conditions, architectural features, and specific deity requirements. The Tirumala version represents one of the most comprehensive and systematically documented examples.
Kerala Temple Practices: Kerala’s temple purification traditions incorporate additional Ayurvedic principles and local medicinal plants, reflecting regional variations in traditional knowledge systems and environmental conditions.
Karnataka Temple Methods: Neighboring Karnataka temples employ similar basic principles but with variations in ingredient combinations and timing protocols that reflect different ecological conditions and cultural influences.
Unique Tirumala Features
Scale and Complexity: The sheer size and complexity of Tirumala temple complex requires purification procedures more comprehensive than those employed in smaller temple environments, leading to refined methodologies and specialized equipment.
Multi-Cultural Integration: Tirumala’s position as a pan-Indian pilgrimage destination influences purification ceremonies to accommodate diverse cultural expectations while maintaining Tamil Agamic authenticity.
Modern Integration: The balance between traditional procedures and contemporary safety, documentation, and efficiency requirements at Tirumala provides models for other heritage sites facing similar modernization challenges.
Future Developments and Preservation Challenges
The continued effectiveness and relevance of Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam faces various contemporary challenges while offering opportunities for enhanced documentation, research, and application development.
Documentation and Research Opportunities
Scientific Analysis: Comprehensive scientific analysis of traditional purification ingredients and procedures could provide valuable insights for developing natural cleaning and preservation systems with broader applications in heritage conservation and environmental management.
Cultural Documentation: Enhanced documentation of ceremony procedures, cultural significance, and traditional knowledge components ensures preservation of this important cultural heritage for future generations while supporting educational and research applications.
Comparative Studies: Research comparing traditional purification methods with contemporary cleaning and preservation approaches could demonstrate the effectiveness and sustainability advantages of traditional systems while identifying opportunities for integration or improvement.
Preservation Challenges
Materials Availability: Climate change and agricultural modernization threaten the availability of traditional ingredients used in Parimalam mixtures, requiring conservation efforts to preserve essential plant varieties and traditional growing practices.
Skills Transfer: The specialized knowledge required for effective ceremony implementation faces transmission challenges as traditional knowledge holders age and younger practitioners show varied interest in acquiring complex traditional skills.
Modernization Pressures: Pressure to modernize temple maintenance practices for efficiency and cost reduction could compromise traditional purification methods, requiring careful balance between innovation and heritage preservation.
Innovation Opportunities
Hybrid Approaches: Combining traditional purification wisdom with contemporary technology could enhance ceremony effectiveness while preserving cultural authenticity and spiritual significance.
Educational Integration: Incorporating Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam principles into environmental science and cultural studies curricula could enhance understanding and appreciation while training future practitioners and researchers.
Global Applications: The principles demonstrated in traditional temple purification could inform sustainable building maintenance, natural cleaning product development, and heritage site preservation efforts worldwide.
Preserving Sacred Wisdom for Future Generations
Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam represents far more than a temple maintenance procedure โ it embodies a sophisticated integration of spiritual practice, environmental science, and cultural preservation that remains profoundly relevant in our contemporary world. This remarkable ceremony demonstrates how traditional knowledge systems can address complex modern challenges while maintaining authentic cultural expression and spiritual significance.
Through my years of environmental research and personal observation of this sacred ceremony, I have gained deep appreciation for the wisdom embedded in traditional temple management practices. The scientific sophistication of natural purification systems, the ecological awareness demonstrated in seasonal timing, and the social structures supporting knowledge preservation all offer valuable insights for contemporary sustainability challenges.
The ceremony’s successful continuation over centuries while adapting to changing conditions demonstrates the resilience and relevance of traditional knowledge systems when properly understood and supported. The balance between preserving authentic procedures and meeting contemporary requirements provides models for other heritage preservation efforts facing similar challenges.
For devotees planning to experience the enhanced spiritual atmosphere following Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam, I encourage approaching this opportunity with appreciation for both the profound spiritual benefits and the remarkable traditional knowledge systems that make such benefits possible. The pristine temple environment achieved through ancient wisdom offers unique opportunities for deep spiritual connection and cultural understanding.
The future preservation of this remarkable tradition depends on continued support from devotees, researchers, and cultural preservation advocates who recognize its value not only as spiritual practice but as a repository of traditional knowledge with contemporary relevance. By documenting, studying, and supporting Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam, we ensure that future generations can benefit from this extraordinary synthesis of environmental wisdom and spiritual practice.
In the aromatic atmosphere of a newly purified temple, surrounded by centuries of devotional energy and traditional knowledge, awaits an experience that connects us simultaneously to ancient wisdom and contemporary environmental understanding. The sacred waters and natural purification compounds of Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam remind us that the most effective solutions to complex challenges often emerge from the synthesis of traditional wisdom and contemporary knowledge, creating pathways toward more sustainable and spiritually meaningful futures.
About the Author:
Dr. Meenakshi Reddy is an environmental scientist and nature enthusiast with a keen interest in sacred ecosystems. She has spent the last 15 years studying the ecological aspects of sacred groves, including the Tirumala hills. Through her blogs, Dr. Reddy educates readers about the biodiversity of Tirumala, conservation practices, and eco-friendly tips for visitors. Her expertise highlights the connection between spirituality and environmental stewardship, inspiring readers to respect and preserve the natural beauty of the region.
Email: [email protected]
